Asuhan Keperawatan Pada Tn.S dan Tn.A Dengan Diabetes Mellitus Diruang Penyakit Dalam Di RSU Kota Tangerang Selatan

Muhamad Ridlo

doi:10.58467/ijons.v2i2.29

Authors

Muhamad Ridlo Politeknik Karya Husada

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.58467/ijons.v2i2.29

Abstract

Background: Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the problems in the world which is currently increasing due to unstable blood sugar levels caused by damage to insulin secretion, insulin action or both. Objective: To obtain an overview and be able to perform nursing care in patients with Diabetes Mellitus. Methods: The research design in this case uses descriptive analytic by using a case study approach whose sample consists of two patients, namely Mr. S and Mr. A based on medical surgical nursing care. Results: After nursing care for 3 X 24 hours on Mr. The results show that chronic pain has been resolved because the pain scale has decreased to 1, the instability of blood glucose levels is partially resolved because the GDS results are still high, the risk of infection is resolved in part because there is still redness in the wound, impaired physical mobility is partially resolved because the patient still has difficulty moving. While at Mr. A, after nursing care for 3 x 24 hours, all results were resolved on 3 diagnoses, namely unstable blood glucose levels, nausea, sleep pattern disturbances because there were significant changes. Conclusion: Based on the results above, that people with diabetes mellitus who experience increased blood sugar levels caused by non-adherence to diet and non-adherence in treatment, it is necessary for nurses to play a role in providing health education by advocating healthy food and teaching self-care.

Keywords: Case Study, Diabetes Mellitus, Nursing Care, unstable blood glucose level

References

American Diabetes Melitus. (2021). Classification and diagnosis of diabetes: standards of medical care in diabetes.

Anette, P., Krishna, K. K., Panayappan, L., & Leo, M. (2018). Diabetic foot infection and its management: A review. GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4(1), 19–24. https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2018.4.1.0041

Alfian, R. (2015). Korelasi Antara Kepatuhan Minum Obat dengan Kadar Gula Darah pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Rawat Jalan dI RSUD DR.H.Moch.Ansari Saleh Banjarmasin. Jurnal Pharmascience, 2(2), 15–23. https://ppjp.ulm.ac.id/journal/index.php/pharmascience/article/view/5818/4874

Amita, D., Fernalia, & Yulendasar, R. (2018). Pengaruh teknik relaksasi nafas dalam terhadap intensitas nyeri pada pasien post operasi sectio caesarea di rumah sakit Bengkulu. Jurnal Kesehatan Holistik, 12(1), 26–28. http://ejurnalmalahayati.ac.id/index.php/holistik/article/download/124/69

Abdul-Ghani, M., & DeFronzo, R. (2018). Therapeutic strategies for type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with very high HbA1c: is insulin the only option? Annals of Translational Medicine, 6(S2), S95–S95. https://doi.org/10.21037/atm.2018.11.15

Anggraeni, N. C., Widayati, N., & Sutawardana, J. H. (2020). Peran Perawat sebagai Edukator terhadap Persepsi Sakit pada Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 Kabupaten Jember. Jurnal Pendidikan Keperawatan Indonesia, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.17509/jpki.v6i1.24364

Bayu Zohari Hutagalung, M., Syaara Eljatin, D., Permana Sarie, V., Demitria Agustina Sianturi, G., & Falinda Santika Royal Prima Jambi, G. R. (2019). Diabetic Foot Infection (Infeksi Kaki Diabetik): Diagnosis dan Tatalaksana. CDK Journal, 46(6), 414–418. http://www.cdkjournal.com/index.php/CDK/article/view/463

Co, M. A., Tan, L. S. M., Tai, E. S., Griva, K., Amir, M., Chong, K. J., Lee, Y. S., Lee, J., Khoo, E. Y. H., & Wee, H. L. (2015). Factors associated with psychological distress, behavioral impact and health-related quality of life among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications, 29(3), 378–383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2015.01.009

Dai, J., Jiang, C., Chen, H., & Chai, Y. (2020). Assessment of the Risk Factors of Multidrug-Resistant Organism Infection in Adults With Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetic Foot Ulcer. Canadian Journal of Diabetes, 44(4), 342–349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjd.2019.10.009

Dludla, P. V., Nkambule, B. B., Cirilli, I., Marcheggiani, F., Mabhida, S. E., Ziqubu, K., Ntamo, Y., Jack, B., Nyambuya, T. M., Hanser, S., & Mazibuko-Mbeje, S. E. (2022). Capsaicin, its clinical significance in patients with painful diabetic neuropathy. Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy, 153(June), 113439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113439

Elkashif, M. M. L., Mahdy, A. Y., & Elgazzar, S. E. (2021). Evaluating The Effect of Establishing Protocol for Self- Care Practice of Diabetic Foot Patients Regarding Their Needs, Concerns and Medication Use: A quasi-experimental study. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 28(6), 3343–3350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.02.081

Ginting. (2014). Patofisiologi Buku Ajar Keperawatan (4th ed).Tanggerang Selatan: Binarupa Aksara.

Gao, J. et al. (2013). Effects of - self care,self efficacy, social support on glycemic control in adults with tipe 2 diabetes.Journal International. 4(2). 2–7.

Hasbi, H. Al, Sudono, B., Saputro, D., & Handayani, T. (2022). The Effect of Diabetes Self Management Education Program on Self-Management Knowledge in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2. 2(1), 1–6.

Hasanuddin, F., Kedokteran, F., Kesehatan, I., & Muhammadiyah Makassar, U. (2020). Penerapan Asuhan Keperawatan Pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe II Dalam Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Nutrisi. Journal of Health, Education and Literacy (J-Healt), 3(1), 44–53. https://ojs.unsulbar.ac.id/index.php/j-healt/article/view/790

Hastuti. (2013). Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan dengan Pengendalian Kadar Glukosadah Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2. Jakarta: Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat.

International Diabetes Federatioan. (2019). IDF Diabetes Atlas Ninth. In International Diabetes Federation.

Junaidi, Eko, Chloranyta, Shanty, & Kartono, J. (2021). Perbaikan Ulkus Diabetik Dengan Penerapan Latihan Range of Motion Ekstremitas Bawah Pada Diabetes Tipe 2. Madago Nursing Journal, 2(2), 48–57.

Jarrah, M. I., Hweidi, I. M., Al-Dolat, S. A., Alhawatmeh, H. N., Al-Obeisat, S. M., Hweidi, L. I., Hweidi, A. I., & Alkouri, O. A. (2022). The effect of slow deep breathing relaxation exercise on pain levels during and post chest tube removal after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. International Journal of Nursing Sciences, 9(2), 155–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2022.03.001

Kumar, L., & Mohammadnezhad, M. (2022). Perceptions of patients on factors affecting diabetes self-management among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in Fiji: A qualitative study. Heliyon, 8(6), e09728. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09728

Lukita, Y. I., Widyati, N., & Wantiyah, W. (2018). Pengaruh Range of Motion (ROM) Aktif Kaki terhadap Risiko terjadinya Ulkus Kaki Diabetik pada Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 di Desa Kaliwining Kabupaten Jember. Pustaka Kesehatan, 6(2), 305. https://doi.org/10.19184/pk.v6i2.7776

Musuuza, J., Sutherland, B. L., Kurter, S., Balasubramanian, P., Bartels, C. M., & Brennan, M. B. (2020). A systematic review of multidisciplinary teams to reduce major amputations for patients with diabetic foot ulcers. Journal of Vascular Surgery, 71(4), 1433-1446.e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2019.08.244

Malik, A., Mohammad, Z., & Ahmad, J. (2013). The diabetic foot infections: Biofilms and antimicrobial resistance. Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research and Reviews, 7(2), 101–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2013.02.006

Novitasari. (2016). Diabetes Melitus Medical Book. Yogyakarta: Nuha Medika.

PERKENI. (2015). Perkumpulan Endokrinologi Indonesia. Konsensus Pengelolaan Dan Pencegahan Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 Di Indonesia.

Raheb, M. A., Niazmand, V. R., Eqra, N., & Vatankhah, R. (2022). Subcutaneous insulin administration by deep reinforcement learning for blood glucose level control of type-2 diabetic patients. Computers in Biology and Medicine, 148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105860

Sunny, A., Mateti, U. V., Kellarai, A., Shetty, S., Rafikahmed, S. R., Sirimalla, S., & Madhusoodanan, A. (2021). Knowledge, attitude, and practice on insulin administration among diabetic patients and their caregivers – Cross-sectional study. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health, 12(August), 100860. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cegh.2021.100860

Suiraoka. (2012). Penyakit Degeneratif. Mengenal, Mencegah dan Mengurangi Faktor Risiko 9 Penyakit Degeneratif.Yogyakarta: Nuha Medika.

Treede, R. D. (2018). The International Association for the Study of Pain definition of pain: As valid in 2018 as in 1979, but in need of regularly updated footnotes. Pain Reports, 3(2), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1097/PR9.0000000000000643

Zeng, Z., Huang, S. Y., & Sun, T. (2020). Pharmacogenomic Studies of Current Antidiabetic Agents and Potential New Drug Targets for Precision Medicine of Diabetes. Diabetes Therapy, 11(11), 2521–2538. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13300-020-00922-x

Word Health Organization. (2018). Global report on diabetes Faktor Risiko Diabetes Mellitus. 1–88.

Wilkinson, H. N., & Hardman, M. J. (2020). Wound healing: cellular mechanisms and pathological outcomes: Cellular Mechanisms of Wound Repair. Open Biology, 10(9). https://doi.org/10.1098/rsob.200223

Wijaya, L., Budiyanto, A., Astuti, I., & Mustofa,. (2019). Pathogenesis, evaluation, and recent management of diabetic foot ulcer. Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran), 51(1). https://doi.org/10.19106/jmedsci005101201910