PERAN BARCODE MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION DALAM MENDUKUNG KESELAMATAN PEMBERIAN OBAT DI RUMAH SAKIT: TINJAUAN LITERATUR

Izma Mega Ulita; Dana Prayoga Irawan; Ronggo Adi Sutoyo; Hasan Thoha

doi:10.58467/ijons.v6i1.270

Penulis

Izma Departemen Keperawatan Anestesiologi, Politeknik Borneo Medistra, Balikpapan
Dana Departemen Keperawatan, Politeknik Karya Husada, Jakarta
Adi Program Studi Pendidikan Profesi Ners, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Surakarta
Thoha Departemen Keperawatan, Politeknik Karya Husada, Jakarta

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.58467/ijons.v6i1.270

Kata Kunci:

Barcode Medication Administration, Kesalahan Pemberian Obat, Keselamatan Pasien, Rumah Sakit, Sistem Medikasi Rumah Sakit

Abstrak

Latar belakang: Kesalahan pemberian obat merupakan masalah keselamatan pasien yang dapat menyebabkan cedera, perpanjangan masa rawat, peningkatan biaya pelayanan, hingga kematian. Barcode Medication Administration (BCMA) merupakan teknologi verifikasi berbasis kode batang untuk memastikan kesesuaian identitas pasien, obat, dosis, waktu, dan rute pemberian sebelum obat diberikan.

Tujuan: Artikel ini bertujuan meninjau bukti ilmiah mengenai peran BCMA dalam mencegah kesalahan pemberian obat dan mendukung keselamatan pasien di rumah sakit.

Metode: Tinjauan literatur dilakukan melalui PubMed dan ScienceDirect pada 26–27 April 2024. Kata kunci yang digunakan meliputi barcode medication administration, patient safety, medication error, dan hospital. Artikel dipertimbangkan apabila diterbitkan pada 2015–2024, tersedia full text, akses terbuka, dilakukan di lingkup rumah sakit, serta membahas BCMA atau keselamatan pemberian obat. Dari 662 artikel yang teridentifikasi, lima artikel memenuhi kriteria dan disintesis secara naratif.

Hasil: Sintesis menunjukkan bahwa BCMA berpotensi mendukung keselamatan pasien melalui peningkatan verifikasi identitas pasien dan obat, penguatan prinsip benar pemberian obat, serta penurunan beberapa bentuk kesalahan pemberian obat. Namun, manfaat BCMA dipengaruhi oleh kesiapan infrastruktur, kualitas kode batang, kendala perangkat keras dan perangkat lunak, kesesuaian alur kerja, pelatihan pengguna, serta risiko ketidakpatuhan atau workarounds.

Kesimpulan: BCMA merupakan teknologi yang berpotensi membantu mencegah kesalahan pemberian obat dan meningkatkan keselamatan pasien di rumah sakit. Namun, keberhasilan implementasinya tidak hanya bergantung pada ketersediaan teknologi, tetapi juga pada kesiapan organisasi, pelatihan perawat, integrasi sistem, serta kepatuhan pengguna dalam menjalankan prosedur pemindaian secara konsisten.

Referensi

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Cossul, D., Saurin, T. A., da Silva Fraga, R., Pasin, S. S., & de Souza Kuchenbecker, R. (2025). Learning from workarounds in barcode medication administration: a Safety-II perspective. Applied Ergonomics, 129, 104605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2025.104605

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van der Veen, W., Taxis, K., Wouters, H., Vermeulen, H., Bates, D. W., van den Bemt, P. M. L. A., Duyvendak, M., Oude Luttikhuis, K., Ros, J. J. W., Vasbinder, E. C., Atrafi, M., Brasse, B., & Mangelaars, I. (2020). Factors associated with workarounds in barcode-assisted medication administration in hospitals. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 29(13–14), 2239–2250. https://doi.org/10.1111/JOCN.15217

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Yu, W.-N., Cheng, Y.-D., Hou, Y.-C., & Hsieh, Y.-W. (2025). Implementation of Medication-Related Technology and Its Impact on Pharmacy Workflow: Real-World Evidence Usability Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 27, e59220. https://doi.org/10.2196/59220

PERAN BARCODE MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION DALAM MENDUKUNG KESELAMATAN PEMBERIAN OBAT DI RUMAH SAKIT: TINJAUAN LITERATUR

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